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The Tijuca National Park,
in the mountains in the center of
Rio de Janeiro,
is an
Integral Protection
Conservation Unit
of the
Mata Atlântica
Biosphere Reserve
and by some estimates the largest urban forest in the world
(see map).
As a consequence of intensive deforestations for the creation of sugar cane- and coffee
plantations together with severe erosion effects and dramatic rainfall
reductions, Rio de Janeiro's drinking water supply was reduced to such extent, that
King Don Pedro II in 1861 decided to reforest the respective areas.
In painstaking and detailed work the engineer M.
G. Archer achieved within 10 years to replant more than 40.000 species of native
Atlantic
Rainforest.
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The Tijuca National Park is today operating like a natural air condition
for Rio de Janeiro reducing the city’s medium temperature by approximately 9 degrees.
Apart from the famous “Corcovado”,on an area of 3.300 hectares, the visitor can today
observe trees with more than 100 years, 30 waterfalls, over 330 plant- and up to 100
animal species. |
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Legislation: Decrees
50.923/61,
10.198/04
60.183/67,
70.186/72 |
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Area: 3.200 ha |
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| Altitude: 0 - 1.020 m |
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| Climate:
Aw |
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Address: Estrada da Cascatinha, 850,
Alto da Boa Vista - RJ
CEP 20531 590
Tel.: (21) 2492-2252 |
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Websites:
www.unep-wcmc.org
www.ibama.gov.br
www2.ibama.gov.br
www.terrabrasil.org.br
www.floresta80.hpg.ig.com.br
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| Biome:
Atlantic Rainforest |
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Ecosystems:
Tropical Rainforest
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| Altitudinal Zones:
Submontane /
Montane |
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| Flora:
Murici, ipê-amareio, ipê-tabaco, angicos, caixeta-preta, cambuí, urucurana, jequitibá, araribá, cedro, ingá, açoita-cavalo, pau-pereira. cangerana, canelas, camboatá, palmito, brejaúba, samambaiaçus, quaresmeiras, caetés, pacovas, líquens, musgos, etc. |
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| Fauna:
sagüis, macacos-prego, cachorros-do-mato, quatis, guaxinins, gatos-do-mato, pacas, ouriços-coendu; caxinguelês, tapitis, tatus, tamanduás-mirim, gambás, etc., |
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Peaks: Pico da Tijuca (1.020 m)
Pedra da Gávea (842 m)
Pedra Bonit (696 m) |
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